The island nation of Sri Lanka is facing its worst economic crisis since its independence in 1948. As with any economic crisis, the roots of the problem lie in economic and policy decisions taken by successive governments over the years. However, it was only towards the end of March that the world began to wake up to the trouble brewing in the country. Hit by a shortage of everything from paper to fuel to medicine, common people took to the streets in protest. In early April, most of the cabinet resigned. Gotabaya Rajapaksa remains the president of the country even as protestors call for his ouster. When the protests turned violent, the president Mahinda Rajapaksa, resigned from the prime minister’s post earlier this month, and Ranil Wickremesinghe, who has held this post before, was sworn in.       The root cause of the country’s economic problem is its inability to pay back its debt, which runs to trillions of dollars, because its foreign reserves are at an all-time low. But what exactly does this mean? Who does it affect the most? And how are those most affected reimagining their lives right now? Women form the core labour of some of the biggest sectors of Sri Lanka’s economy, including tea plantation and garment-making. They also form the bulk of the migrant labour going to other countries to work. Feminist economists in Sri Lanka are concerned that even as the country finds its way back, most likely through a debt restructuring arrangement with the International Monetary Fund, women will still bear the brunt because social spending will be hit. But this is only one part of it.     To understand the situation on ground, I spoke to Sarala Emmanuel, a development practitioner and researcher based in Batticaloa in eastern Sri Lanka, over a period of two months. Sarala is associated with a women’s rights group called the Suriya Women’s Development Centre.  She works on issues of food security and reproductive healthcare for rural women and women who are part of the informal workforce.     The first time I spoke to Sarala was at the start of April, when large parts of the country were facing long power cuts as the government’s supply of fuel was running low.     Part 1   00..00 to 1.04 (So Sarala, what is happening on the ground right now? .. petrol transport, etc.)   02.04 to 02.36 (Women have cut down on meals…children are not having milk)   02.50 to 03.02 (The other thing… transport costs are too much)   03.41 to 04.45 (Are there some parts of the country… stocks are running out)   05.56 to 06.27 (Another group I work closely with.. may not be prioritized)   Early on in April, a group of feminists came out with a statement that presented a succinct analysis of the unfolding humanitarian crisis, and also drew attention to some of the ways in which the crisis can be addressed. These suggestions were both long-term and short term. Sarala was one of the signatories of this statement.     9.33 to 11.24 (The socio economic impact … so that’s the backdrop)   11.28 to 12.21 (The statement itself makes… which currently aren’t existing)   12.27 to 13.21 (Since the end of the war…in this mess)   13.44 to 14.34 (So some of us knew… almost every year)   14.49 to 17.30 (So some of us had been talking about…those undone)   22.02 to 22.35 (We in our statement chose to call it …only way we can face this crisis)   Part 2   The next time I spoke to Sarala was after nearly a month. By then, the protests against the government had ballooned. GoGotaGamas had come up. Shortly after our conversation in May, within days, violence broke out between supporters of Mahinda Rajapaksa and the protestors. Several were injured and at least 8 people died. The previous time, Sarala said that while she was fully behind the protests, she feared that a collapse of the government would leave no one accountable.   07.11 to 09.09 (What were the first signs of the impending crisis …things are functioning, you know?)   00.00 to 00.39: Why is it necessary to look at this crisis from a gender lens?   1.21 to 2.57 (There is an invisibility anyways, which is systemic and structural … on their plate)     Part 3   01.01 to 1.34 (The last month has … fear and panic)   07.03 to 7.23 (The last time we spoke, you had mentioned … for instance, food security)   7.57 to 09.09 (The govt has put out a proposal … from those cash grants)   20.40 to 21.07 (In terms of the feminist responses…so that’s one part of it)   21.31 to 22.00 (I know that groups are talking about…rural areas) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Gender Question

Who's affected by the crisis in Sri Lanka?

On March 15, the Karnataka high court held that the hijab – or the headscarf worn by many Muslim women and girls – was not essential to Islam, and so educational institutions had the right to ask their students to not wear the hijab and only stick to the uniforms prescribed. In this episode of the Gender Question, we speak to two Muslim women, one of whom wears the hijab and one who doesn’t, to comprehend the issue at hand. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Two Muslim Women Tell Us What The Hijab Means To Them

In this episode, Dhamini Ratnam is being joined by a trans man - Rohan and deconstructs his past experiences, how the "Maya Nagari" Mumbai gets very conservative to provide shelter to both the lovers as he comes from the City of Joy hoping something better happens to him. He also speaks about how this "Abnormal Love" as termed by the society has affected his mental sanity. Despite all this, his courage his love, and hopefulness has so much to offer to us. Tune in to get motivated! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Shelter in Mumbai

One such question pertains to ‘same-sex marriages’. India does not recognise same-sex marriages. None of the marital laws expressly recognise same-sex marriages. One of the petitioners are Joydeep Sengupta, an OCI, and Russell Blaine Stephens, a US citizen. Sengupta and Stephens been in a loving relationship for nearly 20 years and even got married in New York on August 6, 2012 which is recognised in the US, France, and Canada. Tune in as our host speaks with Mario Dpenha, an Indian citizen and a queer rights academic and activist pursuing a PhD at Rutgers University, USA who talks about the case of Joydeep and Russell and answers the questions of our host. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Same sex marriage: In conversation with a petitioner

After 20 years, the Taliban have swept to victory in Afghanistan. Since then the questions were being asked about how this group will govern the country, and what their rule would mean for women, human rights, and political freedoms. In this episode, our host had a conversation with Malina Sulaiman, a graffiti artist, painter and metal worker from Afghanistan who had to leave the Taliban earlier due to the threats. Tune in the episode to know about her inspiring journey full of courage and struggles. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Being a woman artist under Taliban rule

A year on, as Covid 19 continues to spread widely in the second wave, we speak to social workers tasked by the government to track the pandemic. The all-women workforce called ASHA workers, battle people's resistance and low pay and put their lives at risk every day. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

5: On the frontline of the pandemic

In this episode, host Dhamini Ratnam talks about how a high court judge made an effort to learn about queer lives. What he learnt, speaking to a counsellor and members of the LGBTQIA community turned his perception, and led to a very progressive judgement. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

4: How a judge learnt about queer lives

The defamation case against journalist Priya Ramani has been one of the most high-profile Me Too cases in court. What was the case about? And what does it hold out for women's testimonies? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

3: ME TOO: What a court case said about women's testimonies

Women’s participation and role in the agriculture sector is one that has historically been overlooked. With issues ranging from lack of recognition to absence of land rights, the agricultural sector has given rise to decades of struggle for women. After the announcement of the new laws, women farmers fear that the farm laws will further deepen gender inequality in the sector. Tune in to know more. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

2: What are women farmers really protesting?

Work, unemployment and economic recovery are gender issues. And there’s data to prove it. The new season of Gender Question kicks off by talking to women about their experience of working in the pandemic and how tough it’s been to get back on their feet. We also speak to academicians who explain why women have it harder than men when it comes to work. If it’s economic recovery that we’re aiming for, then we need to go deep into the gender question to resolve it. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

1: Look who lost their jobs, and didn’t get it back

A Delhi-based legal journalist and researcher, Karan Tripathi filed a petition in the Delhi High Court last month, seeking the inclusion of data on the number of transgender prisoners in the upcoming Prison Statistics of India report, brought out regularly by the NCRB. In response, the central body under the aegis of the ministry of home affairs, said it would start doing that with immediate effect. In this episode, Dhamini speaks to Karan to understand why he filed the petition, and what he hoped would come out of it. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

33: The state of transgender prisoners Part 2 (a petition)

A report released by the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) found that prisons across the country lacked policies and awareness about the needs of transgender inmates, leading to denial of their rights. Tune in to this episode as @dhamini discuss the state of transgender prisoners. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

32: The state of transgender prisoners Part 1 (a report)

In this episode, Dhamini is in conversation with Enakshi Ganguly who is an Indian children's rights activist about the recent Chitrkoot case. Enakshi shares many incidents like this, which brings up a very important question 'Is a law enough to deal with child abuse? ' Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

31: Is a law enough to deal with child abuse?

In this episode of Gender Question, Dhamini will talk about the new Vice President-elect of the United States of America - Kamala Harris who gave a speech for the ages on Saturday, after it was confirmed that Joe Biden will become the next President of USA. Tune in to know more. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

30: Who is Kamala Harris?

In this episode, we’ll listen to Arvind Narrain, an advocate and one of the founding members of the Alternative Law Forum talk about the struggle against 377, the same-sex marriage petitions and the other issues that confront marginalised gender and sexual identities. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

29: Chroniciling the Queer movement | Part-2

Gender Question is a weekly podcast in which Associate Editor Dhamini Ratnam addresses blindspots around gender and sexuality, by taking an issue that's in the news, and looking at it differently, with the help of experts. This is a Hindustan Times production brought to you by HT Smartcast.

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Gender Question

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