INTERVIEWS IN THIS EDITION: Karina Amani Zapata DPT PhD, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas “The Observational Gait Scale Can Help Determine the GMFCS Level in Children With Cerebral Palsy”The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the Observational Gait Scale and Gross Motor Function Classification System in children who are walking and with cerebral palsy.QUOTE: “We can use the OGS—the Observational Gait Scale—as a helpful clinical tool to quickly and objectively rate a child’s gait”CO-AUTHORS: Charter Rushing, Mauricio Delgado, Chanhee Jo Erin Kinsey PT DPT, Aurora Public Schools, Educational Services, Colorado “Changing the Paradigm of School-Based Physical Therapist Service Delivery: Using Evidence to Support Intensive Intervention” The purpose of this paper is to highlight the paradigm shift away from the typical model of direct service delivery of consistent frequency and duration in the school setting to accommodate an intensive progressive resistive exercise interventionQUOTE: “They were excited to do something new, something different than that traditional service model that we’ve provided in our schools—they really surprised us”CO-AUTHORS: Colleen Curto, Dana Glassman, Melissa Sundberg, Kathryn Rosemeyer, Mary Jane Rapport Hércules Ribeiro Leite, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil“Effectiveness of Modified Sports for Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: A Pragmatic Study Protocol”This is a pragmatic randomized controlled trial protocol of an intervention study in Brazil.QUOTE: “In the past people used to think that because they have impairment it would not be possible to include in sports and leisure. So, things are starting to change from this point.”CO-AUTHORS: Ricardo de Sousa Junior, Ana Cristina Resende Camargos, Georgina Clutterbuck Patti Berg-Poppe MA MPT PhD, University of South Dakota, Vermillion“Pelvic Floor Muscle Resting Tone in Children With Dysfunctional Voiding Symptomology Following Simple Gross Motor Exercises”The study aimed to understand the effects of a set of gross motor exercises on pelvic floor muscle resting tone in children with dysfunctional voiding symptomatologyQUOTE: “The immediate effects of that exercise were that it reduced pelvic floor resting tone equally as well as diaphragmatic breathing.”

Pediatric Physical Therapy - Pediatric Physical Therapy Podcast

Volume 34, Issue 1

INTERVIEWS IN THIS EDITION: Lindsay Pietruszewski PT DPT, Research Physical Therapist Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OHTITLE: Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination Clinical Use to Recommend Therapist Assessment of Functional Hand AsymmetriesDESCRIPTION: To determine whether in clinical settings, asymmetry scores derived from the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination can provide cut-off scores for recommending in-depth assessment of upper extremity functional deficits by therapists using the Hand Assessment for Infants, a high-resource tool with excellent psychometric properties.  Sonia Khurana PhD, Motor Development Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VATITLE: Neonatal PT Improves Neurobehavior and General Movements in Moderate to Late Preterm Infants Born in India: An RCTDESCRIPTION: To examine whether a structured neonatal physical therapy program improves neurobehavior and general movements in moderate to late preterm infants. Kristel Lankhorst PT PhD, Research Group Lifestyle and Health, HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, NetherlandsTITLE: The Preliminary Criterion Validity of the Activ8 Activity Monitor to Measure Physical Activity in Youth Using a WheelchairDESCRIPTION: The primary aim of this study was to assess the absolute and relative time difference, agreement, sensitivity and positive predictive value of the adapted algorithm of the Activ8 to detect ‘active wheelchair use’ compared to observations through video recording. Maaike Bolland-Sprong MSc, Center for Child Development, Exercise and Physical Literacy, University Medical Center Utrecht TITLE: Motor Developmental Delay After Cardiac Surgery in Children With a Critical Congenital Heart Defect: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysisDESCRIPTION: To systematically review evidence regarding the severity and prevalence of motor development in children with a critical congenital heart defect without underlying genetic anomalies. Marilyn Wright PT MSc, CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, School of Rehabilitation Science, Hamilton, CanadaTITLE: Scootering for Children and Youth Is More Than Fun: Exploration of a Feasible Approach to Improve Function and FitnessDESCRIPTION: Describe scootering as a physical therapy intervention for children/adolescents with mobility limitations within the “F-Words in Childhood Disability” (fitness, function, family, friends, fun, and future) and through motion analysis. Bilinc Dogruoz  Karatekin MD, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey TITLE: How Did the Lockdown Imposed Due to COVID-19 Affect Patients With Cerebral Palsy?DESCRIPTION: This study investigated the change in mobility, pain, functional status and spasticity in a pediatric rehabilitation unit after the lockdown. Eleonora Montagnani MSc, School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom TITLE: Dynamic Characteristics of Foot Development: A Narrative Synthesis of Plantar Pressure Data During Infancy and ChildhoodDESCRIPTION: This narrative review aims to describe existing research reporting plantar pressure analysis in typically developing infants and children, to advance understanding of foot development.

Volume 33, Issue 4

INTERVIEWS IN THIS EDITION: Maxime Robert PhD, Assistant Professor, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada TITLE: Intensive bimanual intervention for children who have undergone hemispherectomy surgery: A pilot study DESCRIPTION: To conduct a pilot study to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of an intensive bimanual intervention on upper limb function in children who have undergone hemispherectomy surgery. Rebecca Leonard PT DPT MS PhD PCS, Director, Pediatric Physical Therapy Practice, Early Intervention Associates, Rockville, MD TITLE: Effects of Orthoses on Standing Postural Control and Muscle Activity in Children with Cerebral Palsy DESCRIPTION: The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate whether distal control orthoses with individually optimized angle of the ankle foot orthotic and shank to vertical alignment, and controlling of distal degrees of freedom, improved standing in participants with cerebral palsy, compared to bare feet and the participant’s ankle foot orthotic. Sandra Jensen-Willett PT PhD PCS, Director of Physical Therapy, Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE TITLE: The Influence of Maternal Cognitions upon Motor Development in Infants Born Preterm: A Scoping Review DESCRIPTION: This scoping review summarizes the extent, nature, and type of evidence linking broadly defined maternal cognitions to motor outcomes in infants born preterm. Katherine Denlinger PT DPT PCS, Department of Physical Therapy, Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, Baltimore, MD TITLE: Psychometric Testing of the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care in the Pediatric Acute Care Setting DESCRIPTION: The goal of this research was to determine inter-rater reliability and construct validity of the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care Inpatient “6-clicks” Short Forms for children in acute care. Jill Heathcock PT PhD, Associate Professor, The Ohio State University, School of Health and Rehabilitation Science, Division of Physical Therapy, Columbus, OH TITLE: Parent-reported PEDI-CAT mobility and gross motor function in infants with cerebral palsy DESCRIPTION: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the Pediatric Evaluations of Disability Index-computer-adapted, mobility domain, a parent reported outcome measures and therapist-administered measures of motor function for infants with cerebral palsy with moderate to severe motor impairments. Kimberley Scott PT, DPT, PCS, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH TITLE: Considering domain-specific experiential learning: Self-Efficacy in Pediatric Physical Therapy Education DESCRIPTION: The purposes of this study are to describe the pediatric curriculum of a physical therapy program, quantify changes in self-efficacy following pediatric instruction, and define relationships between self-efficacy, prior experience, and interest in future pediatric practice. Alyssa LaForme Fiss PT PhD PCS, School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman’s University, Dallas TX TITLE: Experiential Learning in Pediatric Physical Therapist Education: Faculty and Student Perceptions DESCRIPTION: This study aimed to describe use of experiential learning with children in entry-level Doctor of Physical Therapy programs.

Volume 33, Issue 3

Interviews in this edition: 1. Amy F Bailes, PT PhD, Physical Therapist, Division of Occupational Therapy & Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. “Describing the Delivery of Evidence-based Physical Therapy Intervention to Individuals with Cerebral Palsy”. Analysis of a large dataset of real-world experience from physical therapy sessions among children with cerebral palsy to examine variation by age, Gross Motor Function Classification System, race, and insurance type. Most frequently delivered were: Caregiver education, motor control, functional strengthening, ankle-foot orthoses, treadmill training, and fit of adaptive equipment. 2. Julia Looper PT PHD, School of Physical Therapy, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington, USA “Current Trends in Pediatric Physical Therapy Practice for Children with Down Syndrome” A survey from 1,000 American pediatric physical therapists examined the breadth of physical therapy practice for children with Down syndrome, concluding that clinicians managed these children for a wide variety of needs with a range of interventions. 3. Rebekah L. Johnson, PT DPT, Pediatric Physical Therapist, Mealtime Connections, Tucson, AZ, USA Current Trends in Pediatric Physical Therapy Practice for Children with Down Syndrome This survey examines the breadth of physical therapy practice for children with Down syndrome. Rebekah Johnson, first author, agreed that the diversity of practice among American physical therapists who managed children with Down Syndrome had been a key finding and that clinicians reading the report could learn from their findings. But there had been an ongoing need to match the evidence-base to current practice. 4. Marybeth Barkocy PT, DPT, PCS, Physical Therapy Division, Associate Professor, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA. The Effectiveness of Serial Casting and Ankle Foot Orthoses in Treating Toe Walking in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder “This proof-of-concept study examined the effectiveness of serial casting and ankle foot orthoses in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder who toe walk.” 5. Cheryl I. Kerfeld PT, MS, PhD, Special Education Department, Seattle Public Schools, Seattle, Washington, USA Physical Activity Measurement in Children Who Use Mobility Assistive Devices: Accelerometry and Global Positioning System A study of the usefulness of combining accelerometry, global positioning system, and geographic information systems, to describe the time spent in different locations and physical activity duration and level by location for four children with cerebral palsy who use assistive devices. 6. Caroline Martinsson MSc, Habilitation & Health, Children and youth habilitation Borås, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden Abducted Standing in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Effects on Hip Development After 7 Years This study looked at the effects of abducted standing on hip migration. Both the percentage and range of hip and knee motion in children with cerebral palsy were studied for more than seven years in two case-control groups. 7. Laura Graber PT DPT, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, Florida, USA Upper Extremity Strengthening for an Individual with Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report “The purpose of this case is to describe an exercise program designed for an individual with athetoid cerebral palsy who had difficulties with fine motor control and shoulder girdle stability.” “A progressive exercise program aimed at improving proximal stability and fine motor function might be an appropriate intervention for persons with athetoid cerebral palsy”

Volume 33, Issue 2

Interviews in this edition: 1. Andrea Baraldi Cunha, Research Associate, Department of Physical Therapy, Biomechanics & Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE. Title: “A Novel Means-End Problem-Solving Assessment Tool for Early Intervention: Evaluation of Validity, Reliability, and Sensitivity” Introduction: A new, simple tool could potentially help screen for motor delay quickly and easily. The “Means-End Problem-Solving Assessment Tool”—MEPSAT for short—has been assessed by comparing a group of children with developmental delay with a control group who were typically developing. 2: Halil Alkan PT, PhD, Physical Therapist, Muş Alparslan University, Muş and Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. Title: “Early Spontaneous Movements of Infants With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy” Introduction: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy investigated in 38 infants between three and five months old and compared with typically developing children and scored for a range of indicators of motor delay found Halil Alkan hypoxic brain injury was strongly associated with the overall adequacy of infants’ motor repertoires, and the frequency of their so-called “fidgety movements”. 3: Casey (Mary C) Hooke PhD, University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, Minnesota Title “Testing the Child PROMIS Physical Activity Measurement in Youth Attending a Large Community Event” Introduction Patient-reported outcome measures were successfully used to assess health-care interventions, by collecting data from child-patients using the system known as: PROMIS — the Child Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. 4: Gunfrid Vinje Størvold, PT PhD, Department of Habilitation, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway Title: “Current Physical Therapy Practice in Norway for Children With Cerebral Palsy” Introduction: A survey of real-world pediatric physical therapy practice for cerebral palsy in Norway found strong adherence to recommended evidence-based practice. 5: Marcelo R Rosales, Biokinesiology Program, Infant Neuromotor Control Laboratory, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA Title: Collecting Infant Environmental and Experiential Data Using Smartphone Surveys Introduction: Promising early research has found smartphones could help physical therapists monitor infant development in a range of clinical situations. 6: Brittany Anderson PT DPT, Associate Professor in Physical Therapy, University of Jamestown, Fargo, ND Title: Using a 3D-Printed Prosthetic to Improve Participation in a Young Gymnast Introduction: A prosthetic hand that can grip, inexpensively customised with the help of a 3-D printer, helps a nine-year old girl do gymnastics despite her lack of functioning fingers on one of her hands. 7: James Shanandore, Asst Prof of Anatomy & Physiology, Univ of Jamestown Physical Therapy Prog, Fargo ND Title: “3-D Printed Prosthetic Hand Helps Junior Gymnast: The Back Story” Introduction: How physical therapists can harness 3-D printing to individualise a functioning prosthetic hand. 8: Mary Gannotti PT PhD, Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Services, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, Research Scientist, Shriners Hospital, Springfield, MA Title: Designing Exercise to Improve Bone Health Among Individuals With Cerebral Palsy Introduction: Combining mechanical theory and practical experience can help young patients with cerebral palsy avoid painful morbidity late in life by directing good exercise patterns in pre-puberty and adolescence to specifically target the skeleton and rather than muscle alone.

Volume 33, Issue 1

INTERVIEWS IN THIS EDITION: Physical Therapy Management of Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder: An Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline From the Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association First Evidence Based Clinical Practice Guideline for physical therapy management of childhood Developmental Coordination Disorder. Lisa Dannemiller tells clinicians how to use it, and talks about the benefits it can bring. Lisa Dannemiller PT, DSC, PCS, Associate Professor, Physical Therapy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA Associations Between Congenital Muscular Torticollis Severity and Physical Therapy Episode Congenital muscular torticollis: Kathryn Knudsen talks about the associations her research found between the severity of congenital muscular torticollis and the use of physical therapy to treat it. Kathryn C R Knudsen PT, MPT, PCS, CNT, Providence Children’s Development Institute, Portland, OR, USA Experiences of Parents of Infants Diagnosed With Mild and Severe Grades of Congenital Muscular Torticollis Magdalena M Oledzka described findings and implications from her group’s comparison of the experiences reported by parents of infants diagnosed with congenital muscular torticollis at levels of severity ranging from mild to severe. Magdalena M Oledzka PT DPT MBA PCS, Director of Pediatric Rehab, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York Changes in Vestibular/Ocular-Motor Screen Scores in Adolescents Treated With Vestibular Therapy After Concussion The usefulness of the recently-developed Vestibular/Ocular-Motor Screen Score (that primarily measures dizziness) has been investigated for assessing recovery from concussion in adolescents. First author Bara Alsalaheen discusses the findings and clinical implications. Bara Alsalaheen PT, PhD, Departments of Physical Therapy & Neurology, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan Sternal Precautions and Prone Positioning of Infants Following Median Sternotomy: A Nationwide Survey Findings on how to optimize physical therapy in children who’ve had chest surgery are reported by Amanda Clifton from her group’s research on the precautions needed when managing infants after sternal surgery. Amanda Clifton PT, DPT, Nicklaus Children’s Hospital, Miami FL “Contemporary Practice as a Board-Certified Pediatric Clinical Specialist: A Practice Analysis” The results of an analysis of current practice among board-certified pediatric clinical specialists are discussed by researcher Lisa Kenyon. Key knowledge areas, professional roles, and responsibilities were surveyed among 323 professionals as practiced in real-world settings. Kenyon explains how the new evidence informs revision of the Description of Specialty Practice—DSP—for pediatrics—the blueprint for maintaining  and improving training quality.  Lisa Kenyon PT, DPT, PhD, PCS, Associate Professor, Dept of Physical Therapy, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan Sedentary Behavior in Children With Cerebral Palsy Between 1.5 and 12 Years: A Longitudinal Study Sarah Reedman talks about her findings on sedentary behavior among children with cerebral palsy as a health risk factor and as a guide to management. Sarah E Reedman PT, PhD, QCPRRC, Centre for Children’s Health Research, in South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Measurement Properties of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory—Children and Adolescents for Children and Adolescents Postconcussion The Dizziness Handicap Inventory scoring system has been researched by a team lead by Devashish Tiwari as a means of assessing recovery from concussion among children and adolescents.  Devashish Tiwari DPT, PhD, NCS, Department of Physical Therapy, Simmons University, Boston, MA Intraobserver Reliability and Construct Validity of the Squat Test in Children With Cerebral Palsy Researcher Maaike Eken talks about her findings comparing the quick and easy “squat test” with the more conventional dynamometer for checking development in children with cerebral palsy. Maaike Eken PhD, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, Tygerberg, South Africa,

Volume 32, Issue 4

Pediatric Physical Therapy July 2020, Volume 32, Issue 3; INTERVIEWS IN THIS EDITION: Agnes McConlogue Ferro, DPT, PCS, Clinical Associate Professor, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York State. TITLE:  A Structured Goal-Setting Process to Promote Functional and Measurable Outcomes in School-Based Physical Therapy: A Knowledge Translation Study The aims of this knowledge translation study were to evaluate implementation of a goal setting method for school-based therapists. Kimberly B Klug PT, DSc, Cooperative Educational Service Agency 1, Pewaukee, Wisconsin Concurrent Validity of the School Outcomes Measure and the School Function Assessment in Elementary Students Examine the concurrent validity of the School Outcomes Measure and the School Function Assessment in students’ kindergarten through sixth grade. Elise L Townsend PT, DPT, PhD, PCS, Associate Professor, MGH Institute of Health Professions, School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston MA TITLE: Stander Use in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Results From a Large Natural History Database The purpose of this study was to describe stander use in a natural history cohort of drug therapy naïve, children not walking and with SMA and identify factors associated with consistent stander use. Megan Flores PT, PhD, Assistant Professor, University of St Augustine for Health Sciences, Austin, TX TITLE: Psychometric Properties of Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control in Infants and Toddlers With Down Syndrome This study investigated infants and toddlers with Down syndrome to determine: reliability of the Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo), concurrent validity of the SATCo with Gross Motor Function Measure, and whether age and SATCo score predict GMFM score. Antonette Doty PT, PhD, PCS, Walsh University, North Canton, Ohio TITLE:  Evidence-Based Secondary Transition Predictors for Physical Therapists Working With High School Students This study investigates how physical therapy services provided during secondary education impacts the post-school outcomes of youth with physical disabilities. Doreen J.  Bartlett, PT, PhD, Doreen J.  Bartlett, PT, PhD Professor Emerita, School of Physical Therapy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada TITLE: Advancing the Evidence Base of Pediatric Physical Therapy: “Sincerely, From the Heart”:  The Ann Van Sant Global Scientific Writing Lectureship Egmar Longo PT PhD, Department of Health of Children, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte UFRN/FACISA, Santa Cruz, Brazil TITLE: I Want to Play: Children With Cerebral Palsy Talk About Their Experiences on Barriers and Facilitators to Participation in Leisure Activities To explore how children with cerebral palsy experience participation in leisure activities and to describe the environmental barriers and facilitators.

Volume 32, Issue 3

INTERVEWS IN THIS EDITION: Afnan Gmmash BSPT MS, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky, LexingtonTITLE: Challenges Faced by Therapists Providing Services for Infants With or at Risk for Cerebral Palsy The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges physical therapists and occupational therapists have in providing early intervention for infants with or at risk for cerebral palsy. Brent R. Collett, PhD, University of Washington, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, SeattleTITLE: Motor Function in School-Aged Children with Positional Plagiocephaly or BrachycephalyTo determine whether children with a history of positional plagiocephaly/brachycephaly show persistent deficits in motor development. Sam Logan PhD, Oregon State University, CorvallisTITLE: Perceived barriers of modified ride-on car use of young children with disabilities: A content analysis The purpose of this study was to identify, extract, and synthesize perceived barriers of modified ride-on car use reported in previous studies. Frances Kathleen George MSc, Humberston Park Special School, Grimsby, UKTITLE: Development and content validity of the Clinical Assessment of Body Alignment for children with cerebral palsy The purpose of this study is to describe the development and content validity of the Clinical Assessment of Body Alignment to measure body alignment in children with cerebral palsy. Mette Johansen PT, MSc, Clinic for Anesthesiology, Child Diseases, Circulation and Women, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, DenmarkTITLE:  Photo-based range of motion measurement: Reliability and concurrent validity in children with cerebral palsy.To investigate intra-rater and interrater reliability, agreement and concurrent validity of a smartphone photography-based application compared to a universal goniometer in children with cerebral palsy. Laurel Daniels Abbruzzese, PT, EdD, Department Of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New YorkTITLE: Feasibility and Reliability of Functional Mobility Measures in Children with Cri du Chat (5P-) SyndromeInvestigate feasibility and reliability of Timed Up and Go, Five Times Sit to Stand Test, Timed Floor to Stand, and Four Square Step Test in children with Cri du Chat Syndrome. Carlos Ayán PhD, Faculty of Education & Sport Science, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, SpainTITLE: Motor development and health-related fitness in Trisomy X: a case study  This case study provides information regarding the motor development and health-related fitness level of a female with 47,XXX.

Volume 32, Issue 2

INTERVEWS IN THIS EDITION Pediatric Physical Therapy January 2019 Volume 32 Issue 1 1. Julie Badylak PT, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Ohio TITLE:  Therapy Workloads in Pediatric Health: Preliminary Findings and Relevance for Defining Practice (Part 1) To measure time spent by pediatric physical and occupational therapists in performing daily work activities. 2. Rebecca Durham Reder OTD, OTR/L, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Ohio TITLE:  Therapy Workloads in Pediatric Health: Preliminary Findings and Relevance for Defining Practice (Part 2) 3. Lynn Jeffries PT, PhD, PCS, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City TITLE: Longitudinal Change in Common Impairments in Children With Cerebral Palsy From Age 1.5 to 11 Years This project aimed to determine if change occurs over time for impairments of balance, range of motion, endurance, and strength of children with cerebral palsy, by Gross Motor Function Classification System levels. 4. Marina Ferre-Fernandez PT, OT, MSc, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain TITLE: Measures of Motor and Functional Skills for Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review To review the level of evidence of the psychometric properties of outcome measures for motor or functional skills for children with cerebral palsy classified across I-V levels of the Gross Motor Function Classification System. 5. Lindsey Adelstein PT, DPT, Spaulding Rehabilitation Center for Children, Cape Cod, Massachusetts TITLE:  Differentiating Between Idiopathic Toe Walking and Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review The purpose of this systematic review is to identify evidence-based examination components that enable a clinician to distinguish between children with Idiopathic Toe Walking and Cerebral Palsy in order to accurately categorize them into their respective movement system diagnosis. (In memory of first author Kathleen Schlough) 6. Lisa Chiarello PT, PhD, FAPTA, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia TITLE: Relationship of School-Based Physical Therapy Services to Student Goal Achievement To explore the relationships of school-based physical therapy services to student goal achievement.  7. Samuel Pierce PT, PhD, Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania TITLE: Linear and Nonlinear Measures of Postural Control in a Toddler With Cerebral Palsy: Brief Report The purpose of this brief report is to address knowledge gaps and describe longitudinal linear and nonlinear measures of postural control during sitting and standing in a young child with cerebral palsy. 8. Robin L. Dole, PT, DPT, EdD, Widener University, Chester,  Pennsylvania TITLE: Educational Research Priorities for Pediatric Physical Therapy: A Consensus Study (PART 1) This study engaged physical therapist stakeholders, internal and external to pediatric physical therapy education, in identifying and ranking pediatric physical therapy educational research priorities. 9. Victoria A. Moerchen, PT, PhD University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee TITLE: Educational Research Priorities for Pediatric Physical Therapy: A Consensus Study (PART 2) 10. Kendra Gagnon, PT, PhD, Clinical Associate Professor & Director of Student Affairs, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Baylor University, Waco, Texas TITLE: Development of a Grading Rubric to Assess Learning in Pediatric Physical Therapy Education The purpose of this perspective paper is to describe the development and potential use of a pediatric clinical reasoning assessment rubric for research and educational purpose

Volume 32, Issue 1

INTERVEWS IN THIS EDITION Pediatric Physical Therapy October 2019 Volume 31 Issue 4 Providing Best Practice in Neonatal Intensive Care and Follow up: A clinician-researcher collaboration RICMOND, VA—Experience from the NICU on communicating and implementing new research into the clinic (knowledge translation) shows that clinicians and researchers can benefit from working together. INTERVIEWEE: Shaaron E. Brown Clinical Physical Therapist, Children's Hospital, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA “This invited lecture supports the importance of clinician-researchers collaborations for best practice.”   The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Meta-Analysis SPRINGFIELD, MI—Outcomes from physical therapy training interventions have been quantified in a meta-analysis of benefits from a physical approach to improving respiratory muscle performance in patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, many of whom are not typically candidates for physical therapy now that medical treatments are so effective. INTERVIEWEE: Elizabeth Williamson PT PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, Missouri State University, Springfield MI “This study reports the respiratory muscle training effect on strength and endurance in individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.” Pediatric Physical Therapists’ Use of the Congenital Muscular Torticollis Clinical Practice Guidelines: Qualitative Implementation Study PITTSBURGH, PA—More than a year after release of the new physical therapy Guideline on Congenital Muscular Torticollis a new analysis gives insights to help clinicians implement it optimally. INTERVIEWEE: Joseph Schreiber PT PhD,Professor and Program Director, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Chatham University, Pittsburgh PA “This study is a follow-up to the quantitative survey to examine the perceptions of pediatric physical therapists on the application of the 2013 guidelines.”  Physical Therapy Intervention to Advance Cognitive and Motor Skills: A Single Subject Study of a Young Child with Cerebral Palsy RICHMOND, VA—A single subject study of a young child with cerebral palsy looked at cognitive and motor outcomes and their inter-relationship after a new kind of physical therapy intervention. INTERVIEWEE: Stacey Dusing PT PhD PCS, Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, Director of the Motor Development Laboratory, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond “This study evaluated the change in motor and cognitive abilities of a single child during participation in the START-Play intervention.” Cross-cultural validity: Canadian norm values of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale evaluated for Dutch infants UTRECHT, NL—The potential for cross-cultural variability (between different populations around the world) in developmental assessment with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale has been revealed in a new study.  INTERVIEWEE: Imke Suir, Department of Lifestyle and Health, Institute of Human Movement Studies, HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands. “To examine if the Canadian normative values of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale are appropriate for Dutch infants.” Considering Propulsion Pattern in Therapeutic Outcomes for Children who use Manual Wheelchairs MILWAUKEE, WI—Patients who use manual wheelchairs have been investigated to assess the benefit of intensive physical therapy. INTERVIEWEE—Jacob R. Rammer PhD, Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Engineering Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI “This study assesses the effect of community-based intensive physical and occupational therapy on functional outcomes over a 7-week period for children who use manual wheelchairs.”

Volume 31, Issue 4

INTERVIEWS IN THIS EDITION Sandra Jensen-Willett PT MS PCS Director of Physical Therapy, Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE Sitting Matters! Differences Between Sitters and Nonsitters at 6 Months’ Adjusted “This retrospective study examines differences in prematurity-related risk and compares developmental outcomes between sitters and non-sitters at 6 months adjusted-age.” OMAHA, NE—An investigation of factors influencing ability to sit upright at six months age—noted from neonatal intensive care unit follow up among infants born preterm or those considered to be at risk of developmental delay—show that motor function drives early development. Afnan Gmmash BSPT MS, Pediatric Physical Therapist and PhD Candidate, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington Early Intervention Therapy Services for Infants With or at Risk for Cerebral Palsy “The purpose of this study was to explore the practices physical therapists and occupational therapists use in early intervention for infants with or at risk for cerebral palsy.” LEXINGTON KY—Infant showing early signs of cerebral palsy—or who are assessed as being at high risk—were found to benefit from early intervention. Steven Cisco DPT, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington Distance-Based Throwing Programs for Baseball Players From Little League to High School “Our goal is to create a guide for rehabilitation specialists and players to return to throwing as quickly and safely as possible” SEATTLE, WA—Children with sports injuries benefited from the best recovery exercises to do to recover by using an evidence-based “Throwing Progam” for injured ball-game players. Karina Amani Zapata DPT PhD, Research Therapist and Physical Therapist, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas Physical Therapy Scoliosis-Specific Exercises May Reduce Curve Progression in Mild Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Curves “To evaluate the curve magnitude in participants with mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) at high risk of progression who received outpatient physical therapy scoliosis-specific exercises (PSSE).” DALLAS, TX—Physical therapy success was assessed in patients with scoliosis by measuring the extent to which patients who systematically received physical therapy exercises for scoliosis actually succeeded in getting measurable reductions of curve progression—compared to patients in the control group who were simply observed. Kara L. Lardinois PT, DPT, C/NDT; Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC Physical Therapy for a Patient With Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood: A Case Report The purpose of this case report is to present an example of physical therapy evaluation, intervention and outcomes for a child with alternating hemiplegia of childhood DURHAM, NC—A case report throws light on the key role of the physical therapy elements of care for children with the rare, many-faceted and clinically variable condition: Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood. Amy Bailes PT, PhD, Physical Therapist, Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH Documenting physical therapy dose for individuals with cerebral palsy:  A quality improvement initiative This report describes the quality improvement activities used to improve treatment dose documentation for individuals with cerebral palsy and to describe insights gained from this project. CINCINNATI, OH—Data from therapy sessions among thousands of patients with cerebral palsy have generated clear procedures to optimize care, resulting in significantly improved quality of physical therapy.

Volume 31, Issue 3

1. Validity of the Early Activity Scale for Endurance and the Six-Minute Walk Test for children with cerebral palsy Two well known tests of function in children with cerebral palsy: the Early Activity Scale for Endurance—EASE—and the Six-Minute Walk Test have been compared in a validation study for assessing children with cerebral palsy by functional ability level, sex, and age. The author of a new research paper in Pediatric Physical Therapy journal—Alyssa LaForme Fiss—tells the podcast about her findings. INTERVIEWEE: Alyssa LaForme Fiss, PT PhD PCS, Associate Professor, Director of Physical Therapy Research, Mercer University, Atlanta, Georgia CO-AUTHORS: Lynn Jeffries, Allison Yocum and Sarah Westcott McCoy 2. Effects of adaptive bungee trampolining for children with cerebral palsy: a single subject study Since most children enjoy jumping on a trampoline this has been investigated as a therapy for children with cerebral palsy in research published in Pediatric Physical Therapy. Author Ashleigh Germain from Australia tells the podcast how she and her colleagues at Curtin University in Perth assessed the effects of using an adapted trampoline with an added “bungee” harness to protect the children. INTERVIEWEE: Ashleigh M Germain, Curtin University of Technology, Western Australia, Australia CO-AUTHORS: Marie Blackmore, Noula Gibson, Becky Newell and Sîan A Williams 3. Early intervention and postural adjustments during reaching in infants at risk of cerebral palsy A program known as COPCA (COPing with and CAring for infants with special needs) developed in the Netherlands has been trialed for early intervention in infants at high risk of cerebral palsy. Mijna Hadders Algra, from Groningen tells the podcast how babies’ reaching behavior gave important insights into care in an investigation of the postural effects of a family-centered program applied at 3-6 months corrected age in infants at high risk of cerebral palsy. INTERVIEWEE: Mijna Hadders-Algra MD, Professor of Developmental Neurology, University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands CO-AUTHORS: Lieke C. van Balen, Linze-Jaap Dijkstra,Tineke Dirks, Arend F. Bos 4. Cardiopulmonary Exercise test using arm ergometry in children with Spina Bifida: a prediction model An equation to help physical therapists optimize the physical development of patients with spina bifida—while avoiding exacerbating co-morbidities—has been developed in Brazil. The podcast hears from Ana Claudia Mattiello Sverzut—author of a study aimed at developing a prediction model for peak oxygen uptake in children with spina bifida—considering peak work load, peak heart rate, age, sex, anthropometric measures, walking level. INTERVIEWEE: Ana Claudia Mattiello Sverzut PT PhD Physical Therapy Professor, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil CO-AUTHORS: Jana A.M. Tuijtelaars¬, Marisa Maia Leonardi-Figuiredo, Julio Crescencio, Lourenço Gallo Junior, Edson Zangiacomi Martinez, Manon Bloemen, PT, Tim Takken 5. Functional task training combined with electrical stimulation improves motor capacity in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: a single-subject design Electrical stimulation was found to be an important method of improving motor capacity for children with unilateral cerebral palsy in some more research reported from Brazil. In the podcast Rejane Vale Gonçalves discusses her group’s investigation of whether gastrocnemius FES combined with training of functional tasks produced improvements in variables related to walking performance, capacity for propulsive force generation and changes in gross motor function of children with SUCP INTERVIEWEE: Rejane Vale Gonçalves, PT PhD, Physical Therapy Professor, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil CO-AUTHORS: Sérgio Teixeira Fonseca, Priscila Albuquerque de Araújo, Thales Rezende Souza, Renan Alves Resende and Marisa Cotta Mancini

Volume 31, Issue 2, Part 2

1. Does Weight Status Impact Metabolic Health in Adolescents When Controlling for Physical Fitness? Adolescent overweight and obesity and its correlation with metabolic syndrome—the collection of signs from simple tests that predict for diabetes, heart disease and other non-communicable conditions later in life—has been researched by a group of pediatric physical therapists and a multidisciplinary team from Wisconsin and North Carolina who looked at whether being physically fit—even though you’re overweight—can protect you. INTERVIEWEE: Stacy Stolzman PT, PhD Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology, Concordia Wisconsin) Co-authors: Joseph Skelton, April Harkins and Marie Hoeger Bement Determines if adolescents who are fit with overweight/obesity are similar in their metabolic profile to adolescents who are fit and normal weight. 2. Relationship between Torticollis and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder in Infants Torticolis in infants has an association with gastro-esophageal reflux disorder: GERD. Light has been thrown on the nature if that relationship by a new study just out in Pediatric Physical Therapy journal. INTERVIEWEE: Deborah Bercik and Stephanie Westrick, Children’s Hospital for Rehabilitation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH) Co-authors: Susan Diemer, Sarah Worley, and Ryan Suder This study investigates a correlation between congenital muscular torticollis and gastroesophageal reflux disorder.

Volume 31, Issue 2, Part 1

01 Effects of Structured Exercise Training in Children and Adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Systematic Review Susan Klepper PT, MS, PhD, former Assistant Professor Rehabilitation & Regenerative Medicine (Physical Therapy), Columbia University, New York, NY The purpose of this review was to update the evidence for safety and efficacy of structured exercise training in a variety of settings for children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. 02 The Timed Up and Go test in children: Does Protocol Choice Matter? A Systematic Review Evi Verbecque PT PhD, Post Doctoral Researcher, University of Hasselt, Limburg, Belgium Results on reliability and normative data for the Timed Up and Go test in children who are are systematically reviewed. 03 Effects of Instruction on Parent Competency during Infant Handling in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Eilish M. Byrne PT, DSc, PCS, CNT, Supervisor Physical Therapy Department, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, CA The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of three different methods for delivering instruction on infant handling to parents in the neonatal intensive care unit. 04 Developmental Trajectories and Reference Percentiles for the 6-Minute Walk Test for Children with Cerebral Palsy Alyssa LaForme Fiss PT PhD PCS, Associate Professor, Director of Physical Therapy Research, Mercer University, Atlanta, Georgia The purposes of this study were to: document longitudinal developmental trajectories in 6MWT distances and develop age-specific reference percentiles for children across different Gross Motor Function Classification System levels. 05 Progression of Ankle Plantarflexion Contractures and Functional Decline in DMD: Implications for Physical Therapy Management Michael Kiefer PT DPT, North Worcester, University of Massachusetts MA. Formerly: Pediatric Neuromuscular Unit, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio This study characterizes the progressive loss of ankle dorsiflexion range of motion in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the relationship to functional decline, and the implications for physical therapy management. 06 Adapted dance improves motor abilities and participation in children with Down syndrome: A pilot study Michelle McGuire, PT MPT, Coordinator, Division of Occupational and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio This pilot study measured effects of an adapted dance program on motor abilities and participation in children with Down syndrome and explored caregivers' qualitative feedback regarding its benefits. 07 Moving Toward Excellence in Pediatric Physical Therapy Education: A Scoping Review Deborah K. Anderson PT DPT PCS, Program Director, Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern Universkity, Downers Grove, IL The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and map current evidence that underpins excellence in pediatric physical therapy education.

Volume 31, Issue 1

1. Physical Therapy Management of Congenital Muscular Torticollis: A 2018 Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline from the American Physical Therapy Association Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy AUTHORS: Sandra L. Kaplan, Colleen Coulter and Barbara Sargent (https://journals.lww.com/pedpt/Fulltext/2018/07000/Informing_the_Update_to_the_Physical_Therapy.2.aspx) This update of the 2013 CMT clinical practice guideline informs clinicians and families as to whom to monitor, treat, and/or refer, and when and what to treat. It links 17 action statements with explicit levels of evidence and expert opinion to implementation recommendations. Pediatric Physical Therapy journal Editor-in-Chief Linda Fetters PhD PT FAPTA of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, reviews the guideline and pinpoints key clinical messages. 2. Effects of a gaming platform on balance training for children with cerebral palsy (Pediatr Phys Ther 2018;00:1–6) Hsieh, Hsieh-Chun, PhD, OTR, Department of Special Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan talks about her study using a platform requiring multi-dimensional trunk movement that facilitated postural balance in children with cerebral palsy. 3.  Physical Therapist Coaching to Improve Physical Activity in Children with Brain Tumors: A Pilot Study   (Pediatr Phys Ther 2018;0:1–8) Jessica Ovans PT DPT, Physical Therapist, Department of Rehabilitation, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis discusses the use of a fitness tracker intervention combined with tailored coaching by a physical therapist to increase physical activity and quality of life and decrease fatigue in children with brain tumors. 4.  Physical therapists’ use and alteration of standardized assessments of motor function in children. (Pediatr Phys Ther 2018;0:1–8) Deanne Fay, PT, DPT, PhD, Professor & Director of Curriculum, Physical Therapy Program, AT Still University, Mesa, Arizona reports on how physical therapists in the real world are assessing motor function in children with disability. This study presents survey responses of pediatric physical therapists’ use and alteration of standardized assessments of motor function in children aged 2-10 years.  5.  Adapted Motivational Interviewing to Promote Exercise in Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease: A Pilot Trial  (Pediatr Phys Ther 2018;0:1–9) Adam McKillop PhD, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, describes his study to assess a motivational interviewing intervention to improve moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in adolescents with congenital heart disease. Although their standard approach using telephone calls was achievable and accepted he expects electronic methods and social media to beckon in the future—especially with young patients. 6.  The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Tdcs) on Motor Function, in Pediatric Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review  (Pediatr Phys Ther 2018;00:1–11) A bold approach to therapy for children with cerebral palsy that uses transcranial electrical stimulation has analyzed findings from nine published articles. First author Angela Hamilton, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia explains how determining the effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) on motor function for children with cerebral palsy could help their brains develop. 7.  Stepping activity in children with congenital myotonic dystrophy (Pediatr Phys Ther 2018;00:1–5) Heather A. Hayes, DPT, PhD NCS, Utah Neurological Physical Therapy Residency Director and Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City discusses her observational research on therapy for the rare condition congenital myotonic dystrophy (CDM) and explains how their investigation of physical activity levels in children who have CDM could determine whether clinical and functional characteristics correlate to physical activity and help find  keys to improving activity levels and quality of life. 8.  Whole-body vibration training designed to improve functional impairments after pediatric inpatient anticancer therapy: pilot study (Pediatr Phys Ther 2018;00:1–9) A new form of physical therapy called whole body vibration has been investigated as a way of helping children to recover good physical activity after treatment for cancer. Vanessa Oschwald (née Rustler) MA, Molecular & Cellular Sports Medicine Department, Sports and Exercise Science Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Research & Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany talks about the way functional, motor, balance and strength impairments children after inpatient anticancer therapy were assessed after training on a platform that vibrates. Feasibility, adherence, program acceptance and fields of effectiveness were assessed.

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