The original Royal Canberra Hospital was flagged to be demolished in 1997 to make way for the new National Museum. A demolition via implosion was selected, but the implosion resulted in an explosion instead, and debris showered the huge crowd of onlookers with fatal consequences.With John Chidgey.This show is Podcasting 2.0 Enhanced Report into the Incident: Inquest Into The Death of Katie Bender (PDF) Video Footage of the Demolition: Canberra Hospital Implosion 1997 - YouTube Royal Canberra Hospital Implosion - TEN News 13 July 1997 - YouTube Video of Interest: Miami Resort | Building Demolition | BlowDown Links of Interest: Royal Canberra Hospital Building Implosion Royal Canberra Hospital Implosion Royal Canberra Hospital Implosion Images Project Coordination The 1996 Australian Federal Election Successful ACT WorkSafe prosecutions Explosives Used In Demolition: Shaped Charge RIOGEL TRONER HE What is Powergel explosive? C-4 Explosive Support Causality on PatreonEpisode sponsor:Soulver.App: You’ve tried a calculator and a spreadsheet but if you haven’t tried Soulver yet you’re missing out on a great app that fits perfectly with the way your brain actually thinks. Soulver is available from Soulver.app and also through the Mac App Store. Visit soulver.appto learn more.Episode Gold Producers: &#39;r&#39; and Steven Bridle.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, John Whitlow, Shane O&#39;Neill, Kevin Koch, Oliver Steele, Lesley Law Chan, Hafthor, Jared and Bill.With thanks to Infamous Sphere for the topic suggestion.

Causality

42: Royal Canberra Hospital

The university wanted a bridge for its students over a busy roadway that would appear intriguing from afar. Instead it collapsed before it was even finished. We look into how design errors, poor peer review and denial led to a collapse that claimed six peoples lives.With John Chidgey.This show is Podcasting 2.0 Enhanced Report into the Incidents: NTSB Final Report (PDF) Design Criteria and Bid: FIU Pedestrian Bridge Design Criteria Rev 0 (PDF) FIU Pedestrian Bridge Design Criteria Rev 1 (PDF) MCM / FIGG Proposal (PDF) Civil Structural References: Truss Truss Bridges Steel Bridge Design What is Post-tensioning? Prestressed, Pretensioned and Post-Tensioned Concrete Engineer of Record Definition Non-Destructive Concrete Evaluation & testing Companies Involved: Louis Berger is now part of WSP WSP Global FIGG Engineering FIGG Bridge Engineers Links of Potential Interest: Florida bridge collapse has some hard lessons Florida International University pedestrian bridge collapse University-City Prosperity Project Meet the prominent Miami firm behind the collapsed FIU bridge Miami Bridge Failure Part 3: The Peer Review FHWA proposes 10-year debarment for FIGG Bridge Engineers Louis Berger only firm refusing to settle FIU bridge collapse Bankrupt construction company that built FIU bridge reaches deal to pay victims $42M Lessons learnt 3 years since Florida tragedy FHWA proposes 10-year debarment for FIGG Bridge Engineers Judge Rejects FIGG’s Motion to Halt 10-Year Debarment Riverside Expressway: Glimmer of hope? Riverside Expressway Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producers: &#39;r&#39; and Steven Bridle.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, John Whitlow, Shane O&#39;Neill, Kevin Koch, Oliver Steele, Lesley Law Chan, Hafthor and Bill.

41: Florida International University

The largest semi-submersible Offshore Drilling Rig of its day, sank in a storm in 1982 whilst two smaller nearby rigs survived with minimal damage. We dive into how not closing a portlight cover, triggered a series of events that cost 84 people their lives.With John Chidgey.This show is Podcasting 2.0 Enhanced Report into the Incidents: Official Report Links of Potential Interest: Ocean Ranger Hydrodynamic Model Studies of the Ocean Ranger Marine Disaster The Loss of the Ocean Ranger Royal Commission Ocean Ranger report blames equipment and training Hypothermia Table History of offshore drilling units Glossary of nautical terms Roustabout Davit 25 years later Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producers: &#39;r&#39; and Chip Salzenberg.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, John Whitlow, Kevin Koch, Oliver Steele, Lesley Law Chan, Hafthor, Shane O&#39;Neill and Bill.With thanks to Gregory Hess for the topic suggestion.

40: Ocean Ranger

The successor to the Therac-6 and Therac-20 RadioTherapy machines would integrate the powerful DEC PDP-11 mini-computer to control all of the Therac-25s functions, including the safety interlocks, for the first time. In two years the 11 machines in service would overdose six people across two countries, killing three of them before they figured out why.With John Chidgey.This show is Podcasting 2.0 Enhanced Reports into the Incidents: An Investigation of the Therac-25 Accidents ‎Medical Devices: The Therac-25 The Therac-25: 30 Years Later A Usage-Model Based Approach to Test Therac-25 Good Computing: A Virtue Approach To Computer Ethics: Chapter 6 Links of Potential Interest: Therac-25 The PDP-11 Assembly Language PDP-11 Digital Equipment Corporation Programmed Data Processor Rad (unit) Order of Magnitude Myelitis Collimator Fatal Dose: Radiation Deaths linked to AECL Computer Errors Reactor Accidents: The Human Fallout An Overview on Radiotherapy: From Its History to Its Current Applications in Dermatology In MedTech History: Mammography The programmer behind the THERAC-25 Fiasco was never found AMA: My professor investigated the Therac-25 incident How history, principles and standards led to the safety PLC Support Causality on PatreonEpisode sponsors:Premium Jane: Premium Jane are a US-based provider of organic CBD products that meet the highest standards of quality and purity. Visit premiumjane.com and use the Coupon Code PJ20OFF for 20% off. Hurry it&#39;s only for a limited time!Many Tricks: If you’re looking for some Mac software that can do Many Tricks remember to specifically visit the URL below for more information about their amazingly useful apps. Don’t forget the return of Usher with the Usher 2 Pre-Sale! Visit manytricks.com/pragmatic and use the Coupon Code (listen to the episode to get the code) for 25% off the total price of your order. Hurry it&#39;s only for a limited time!Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, John Whitlow, Kevin Koch, Oliver Steele, Lesley Law Chan, Hafthor and Shane O&#39;Neill.Episode Gold Producers: &#39;r&#39; and Chip Salzenberg.

39: Therac-25

A popular family-friendly ride at DreamWorld would claim the lives of four people in 2016. In nearly thirty years of operation the ride had several similar but non-fatal incidents with blame placed on the operator every time, when a three thousand dollar modification could have prevented a horrific incident.With John Chidgey.Investigation Report: DreamWorld (PDF) Links of Potential Interest: River Rapids Ride Thunder River Rapids Ride Dreamworld operator Ardent Leisure Fined $3.6M for Thunder River Rapids Ride Deaths Class Action Over Dreamworld Deaths Shutdown Impacts Dreamworld’s Plans For New Rollercoaster Dreamworld Chief Resigns After Damning Evidence At Inquest Dreamworld Pays $1.8M In Termination Payouts Dreamworld’s Missing Accountability Dreamworld Accident Spurs Queensland Safety Crackdown Support Causality on PatreonEpisode sponsor:Many Tricks: If you’re looking for some Mac software that can do Many Tricks remember to specifically visit the URL below for more information about their amazingly useful apps. Don’t forget the return of Usher with the Usher 2 Pre-Sale! Visit manytricks.com/pragmatic and use the Coupon Code (listen to the episode to get the code) for 25% off the total price of your order. Hurry it&#39;s only for a limited time!Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, John Whitlow, Kevin Koch, Oliver Steele, Lesley Law Chan, Hafthor and Shane O&#39;Neill.Episode Gold Producer: &#39;r&#39;.

38: Thunder River Rapids

In 1978 on the cusp of the eradication of SmallPox a Medical Photographer became infected and would ultimately die from the Variola virus. We look at how admiration, promotion and delegation led to a wholly avoidable outcome.With John Chidgey.Investigation Report: The Shooter Report (PDF) Medical Analyses: CDC Analysis of the R0 of SmallPox (PDF) Links of Potential Interest: SmallPox History of Smallpox Biosafety Level 4 A Bioweapon Expert Explains Four Ways A Pathogen Can Escape From A Lab Review of Medical Errors in Laboratory Diagnostics and Where We Are Today Pathogens Sometimes Escape the Lab With Deadly Results 1970s Chinese pandemic was a lab mistake Bio-Unsafety Level 3: Could the Next Lab Accident Result in a Pandemic? SmallPox is not Dead Caroline Foulkes looks back at the 1978 outbreak Smallpox virus retention debate Lessons learned from smallpox outbreak Support Causality on PatreonEpisode sponsors:Soulver.App: You’ve tried a calculator and a spreadsheet but if you haven’t tried Soulver yet you’re missing out on a great app that fits perfectly with the way your brain actually thinks. Soulver is available from Soulver.app and also through the Mac App Store. Visit soulver.appto learn more.Many Tricks: If you’re looking for some Mac software that can do Many Tricks remember to specifically visit the URL below for more information about their amazingly useful apps. Don’t forget the return of Usher with the Usher 2 Pre-Sale! Visit manytricks.com/pragmatic and use the Coupon Code (listen to the episode to get the code) for 25% off the total price of your order. Hurry it&#39;s only for a limited time!Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, John Whitlow, Kevin Koch, Oliver Steele, Lesley Law Chan, Hafthor and Shane O&#39;Neill.Episode Gold Producer: &#39;r&#39;.

37: Variola Birmingham

A series of concrete ceiling tiles in a tunnel portal collapsed on a moving car killing the passenger in downtown Boston in 2006. The selection of the epoxy used in the ceiling tile anchors was unusual and a failure to heed the warning signs were at odds on a huge project under pressure to deliver when already twice over time and five times over budget.With John Chidgey.Investigation Report: NTSB Report (PDF) Technical Links: Epoxy Tunnel Links of Potential Interest: Big Dig ceiling collapse Collapse of Big Dig Ceiling in Boston Is Tied to Glue Public demand for Big Dig accountability ‘Epoxy Creep’ Main Factor in Big Dig Ceiling Panel Collapse $28M settlement in fatal Big Dig Collapse Big Dig Ramp Reopens HNTB The Big Dig Tunnels and Bridges Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producer: &#39;r&#39;.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, John Whitlow, Kevin Koch, Oliver Steele, Hafthor and Shane O&#39;Neill.With thanks to Sean for the topic suggestion.

36: Big Dig

A modification made in 1956 to a pipeline built in the 1940s would ultimately fail costing 8 people their lives in 2010. We look at what went wrong with PG&Es gas pipeline in San Bruno, California.With John Chidgey.Investigation and Reports: NTSB Report (PDF) Independent Review Panel Report on San Bruno Pipeline Explosion Technical Links: Material Fatigue GIS (Geographic Information System) Pup API 5L X42 Steel Pipe Specification in PSL1, PSL2 and Sour Service Links of Potential Interest: Pacific Gas and Electric Company San Bruno Pipeline Explosion Memorial for Anniversary of San Bruno Explosion San Bruno Pipeline Explosion Death Toll In San Bruno Climbs To 8 Five Years After Deadly San Bruno Explosion PG&E Gets Maximum Sentence For San Bruno Crimes Crestmoor Neighborhood PG&E emerges from bankruptcy PG&E Completes Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Report PG&E Falsified Gas Pipeline Safety Records Legal Links: Right Of Way A Legal Introduction to Easements California Law Study into Soverign Immunity (PDF) Cost Allocation in Public Utility Relocation in California Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producer: &#39;r&#39;.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, John Whitlow, Joseph Antonio, Kevin Koch, Oliver Steele and Shane O&#39;Neill.With thanks to John for the topic suggestion.

35: San Bruno

One Friday morning in 1966 in a small town in Wales a mining spoils waste tip let go with a river of liquified rubble destroying buildings and a school. Killing 144 people, mostly children in their classrooms. The mechanics of how this happened are simple. The ignorance and economics of why this happened boggles the mind.With John Chidgey.Related episodes: Causality Premium Giveaway Causality Episode 20: Stava Dam Investigation and Reports: Coal Mining Aberfan Disaster Aberfan Thirty-year Rule Aberfan: The Mistake That Cost A Village Its Children Terrifying Tale Of Bungling Ineptitude Aberfan Lessons Learned Aberfan: The Geological Society Support Causality on PatreonEpisode sponsor:Many Tricks: If you’re looking for some Mac software that can do Many Tricks remember to specifically visit the URL below for more information about their amazingly useful apps. Visit manytricks.com/pragmatic and use the Coupon Code (listen to the episode to get the code) for 25% off the total price of your order. Hurry it&#39;s only for a limited time!Episode Gold Producer: &#39;r&#39;.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, John Whitlow, Joseph Antonio, Kevin Koch and Oliver Steele.

34: Aberfan

With two crashes in five months of the new 737 4th Generation a design flaw seemed likely. We look at how Boeings focus on cost-avoidance, grandfathering and bending probabilities during design would ultimately cost 346 people their lives.With John Chidgey.Related episodes: Causality Episode 10: The Comet Causality Episode 14: Concorde Investigation and Reports: FAA Finds New Safety Risk in Boeing 737 Max KNKT JT610 Final Report NTSB ASR-19-01 Safety Recommendation Report JATR Report: Boeing 737 MAX Flight Control System History of Boeing: History of Boeing Boeing 737 Classic Boeing 737 Next Generation Boeing 737 MAX Technical Information: 737 MAX: MCAS - The Boeing 737 Technical Guide Flight Controls - The Boeing 737 Technical Guide A quantum leap forward Aerospace Manufacturing Magazine Angle Of Attack Angle of Attack Sensor 0861FL1 V Speeds Wing Root CFM International CFM56 CFM International LEAP Fundamentals Of Airliner Performance: The Engine Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System: MCAS Using The 737-800 And 737-900 Flaps Understanding Flaps Standards and Bulletins: AC 25.1309-1 AC 25.1309-1A Hazard Classification Matrix Based On JAR AMJ 25.1309 Severity ICAO Annex 19: Safety Management EASA Type-Certificate Datasheet Boring 737 FAA Advisory Circular 23.1309-1E FAA Advisory Circular 25-7C FAA System Safety Handbook Chapter 3: Principles of System Safety AMJ25.1309 Change 15 Fallout: Lion Air Flight 610 American Airlines Fleet Southwest Airlines Fleet Southwest Airlines Pilots Sue Boeing Over 737 Max Grounding 737 Max Crisis: Boeing To Borrow $10B Boeing 737 Max Designed By Clowns Boeing 737 MAX Groundings Boeing 737 Max Plane Crash Victims Families Sickened By Fired Boeing CEOs Payout Boeing Announces Leadership Changes Boeing Statement On 737 MAX Return To Service Boeing Earnings Q2 2019 Boeing Earnings Q3 2019 Boeing Knew Of 737 Max Flaws Before Crash Boeing Left Safety Features Off 737 Max Boeing Misses On Earnings Boeing To Recommend Simulator Training For 737 Max Pilots Boeing Will Suspend 737 Max Production In January 2020 Family Of Lion Air Co-pilot Sues Boeing Lion Air crash: Cockpit Voice Recorder Is Found By Divers Forum Articles: What Are The Checklist Items For A Runaway Stabiliser Trim Why Can’t The 737 MAX’s Horizontal Stabilizer Autotrim Be Cut Out How To Disable The Stabilizer Trim Cutoff Switches What Is The Procedure To Disable MCAS How The Stabilizer Cutout Switch Functionality Changed From NG to MAX Links of potential interest: Airline Pilot Salaries In Service Safety At Boeing: October 2014 Presentation Pilots Fought Automatic Safety System Boeing Statement on Lion Air Flight 610 Preliminary Report How A 50yr Old Design Came Back To Haunt Boeing AoA Vane Must Have Failed Flawed Assumptions Paved A Path To Disaster The 737 Max Has Cost Boeing $9.2B And Counting The Complaints Pilots Filed About Boeing’s 737 Max The Many Human Errors That Brought Down The Boeing 737 Max What Happened On Board The Lion Air Boeing 737 Max That Crashed Support Causality on PatreonEpisode sponsor:Many Tricks: If you’re looking for some Mac software that can do Many Tricks remember to specifically visit the URL below for more information about their amazingly useful apps. Visit manytricks.com/pragmatic and use the Coupon Code (listen to the episode to get the code) for 25% off the total price of your order. Hurry it&#39;s only for a limited time!Episode Gold Producer: &#39;r&#39;.Episode Silver Producers: John Whitlow, Joseph Antonio, Kevin Koch and Shane O&#39;Neill.

33: 737 MAX

In 2000 the small township of Walkerton Ontario witnessed the largest outbreak of E.Coli infections in Canada&#39;s history. The water utility claimed the town water was safe, but it wasn&#39;t and many people paid with their lives.With John Chidgey.Links of potential interest: Walkerton Ontario Toronto Ontario Walkerton E. coli Outbreak Death On Tap: The Poisoning Of Walkerton The Walkerton Inquiry Report Heavy Rainfall and Waterborne Disease Outbreaks: The Walkerton Example Factors That Led To The Walkerton Tragedy Walkerton Death Toll Revised Ontario Pays $72M To Victims Of Walkerton The Walkerton Tragedy Inside Walkerton: Canada’s Worst-ever E. coli Contamination Walkerton Water Crisis Follow-up Town Finds Crisis Sharply Painful Walkerton 2 years later Walkerton Water Declared Safe To Drink Definition of Incompetent Grandfather Clause Support Causality on PatreonEpisode sponsor:Many Tricks: If you’re looking for some Mac software that can do Many Tricks remember to specifically visit the URL below for more information about their amazingly useful apps. Visit manytricks.com/pragmatic and use the Coupon Code (listen to the episode to get the code) for 25% off the total price of your order. Hurry it&#39;s only for a limited time!Episode Gold Producer: &#39;r&#39;.Episode Silver Producers: Carsten Hansen, John Whitlow, Joseph Antonio and Kevin Koch.With thanks to Jon Paul for the topic suggestion.

32: Walkerton

The evening before Christmas Eve in 2015 saw a widespread blackout of the power grid across the Ukraine. We look at how a cyber-attack on electric utility companies in Europe, changed how cyber-security is regarded in control systems, forever.With John Chidgey.Links of potential interest: December 2015 Ukraine Power Grid Cyber-attack Analysis of the Cyber Attack on the Ukrainian Power Grid [PDF] Ukraine Report: When The Lights Went Out [PDF] Inside the Cunning, Unprecedented Hack of Ukraine’s Power Grid Cyber-Attack Against Ukrainian Critical Infrastructure Everything We Know About Ukraine’s Power Plant Hack BlackEnergy BlackEnergy, Grid-Disrupting Malware, Has a Successor, Researchers Warn Scary Questions in Ukraine Energy Grid Hack Ukraine Cyber Induced Power Outage: Analysis And Practical Mitigation Strategies [PDF] New Clues Show How Russia’s Grid Hackers Aimed for Physical Destruction Industroyer: An in-depth Look At The Culprit Behind Ukraine’s Power Grid Blackout Ukrainian Power Grids Cyber-attack Russian Translation: Obelnergo Message to Consumers MOXA UC-7408-LX Plus MOXA UC-7408-LX Plus Firmware Overwrite Vulnerability iRZ RUH2 IRZ RUH2 3G Firmware Overwrite Vulnerability NCCIC: Ukrainian Power Attack US Wants To Isolate Power Grids With ‘Retro’ Technology To Limit Cyber-attacks LinkedIn Is A Hacker’s Dream Tool Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producer: &#39;r&#39;.Episode Silver Producers: Carsten Hansen, John Whitlow, Joseph Antonio and Kevin Koch.

31: Black Energy

As part of Rio&#39;s preparations for the Olympics in 2016 a cycling pathway was built adjacent to a narrow, congested roadway along a picturesque shoreline. When a section collapsed only months before the opening ceremony killing two people, the world looked on with growing concerns about the imminent Olympics.With John Chidgey.Links of potential interest: Deaths on Collapsed Rio de Janeiro Bike Path Deal Safety Blow to Olympic Host Anger Grows Over Rio Bike Path Failure - WSJ Questions Continue After the Collapse of Rio’s Cycle Path Faulty Planning Blamed for Deadly Collapse Padlocked and Falling Apart: Rio’s Olympic Legacy Bike Lane Collapse Kills People on Beach Are Brazil’s Corruption Scandals Finally Hitting the Olympics? Rio, the Olympics, and Broken Promises Architects Say Rio’s Olympic Bike Path Was Destined to Collapse Petition Calls for Complete Demolition of Cycle-path Judge Orders Closure of Rio Cycleway Photo Gallery Links: Gallery of A Stretch of Rio de Janeiro’s Tim Maia Bike Path Collapses The Collapsed Area of the new Cycle Lane Links of Interest (Portuguese): Queda da Ciclovia: Doações à campanhas feitas pela CONCREMAT e os Grandes Jogos Tweet: “‘Podre, tem que fazer tudo outra vez’, diz vice-prefeito sobre ciclovia Tim Maia, no Rio” PETIÇÃO PARA A DEMOLIÇÃO DA CICLOVIA DA AVENIDA NIEMEYER Support Causality on PatreonEpisode sponsors:Backblaze: Gimmick free, truly unlimited, cloud backup for your Mac or PC for just $6 a month with discounts for annual plans. Sign up via the following URL and for a 15 day no-risk free trial. Don’t take a chance with your data, start protecting your work and your memories today. Visit backblaze.com/causalityto learn more.Soulver.App: You’ve tried a calculator and a spreadsheet but if you haven’t tried Soulver yet you’re missing out on a great app that fits perfectly with the way your brain actually thinks. Soulver for iOS is available through the App Store and the newly updated Soulver 3 for Mac from Acqualias website. Visit soulver.appto learn more.Episode Gold Producer: &#39;r&#39;.Episode Silver Producers: Carsten Hansen, John Whitlow and Joseph Antonio.

30: Tim Maia

In 2009 an AirBus A320 departing LaGuardia Airport in New York suffered a dual engine failure due to a bird strike during takeoff. In a highly improbable event an equally highly improbable landing in the Hudson River shocked and amazed the world. We look at what went right on Flight 1549.With John Chidgey.Links of potential interest: US Airways Flight 1549 The Miracle On The Hudson NTSB Official Report (PDF) 49 CFR 830.2 Definitions CFM International CFM56 Chesley Sullenberger Jeff Skiles What the ‘Sully’ Movie Gets Wrong LaGuardia Airport Diagram Cold Water Survival Medium Flocking Bird Test at Climb Condition Support Causality on PatreonEpisode sponsor:Backblaze: Gimmick free, truly unlimited, cloud backup for your Mac or PC for just $6 a month with discounts for annual plans. Sign up via the following URL and for a 15 day no-risk free trial. Don’t take a chance with your data, start protecting your work and your memories today. Visit backblaze.com/causalityto learn more.Episode Gold Producer: &#39;r&#39;.Episode Silver Producers: Carsten Hansen, John Whitlow and Joseph Antonio.

29: Flight 1549

In 1986 an unremarkable building in Singapore collapsed killing dozens of people. We look at how the supervision of the construction and the design itself resulted in a structure that was at best critically stable, and ultimately one that could only ever fail.With John Chidgey.Prior Episode References: Causality Episode 5: Maccabiah Causality Episode 15: Sampoong Department Store Links of potential interest: Hotel New World Collapse Collapse of Hotel New World Structural Load Report of the Inquiry into the Collapse of Hotel New World (Embedded PDF) Support Causality on PatreonEpisode sponsor:Clubhouse: Looking for an easy to use software development project management solution that everyone in an organisation can use? Clubhouse was built with Agile Development in mind with an intense focus on intuitiveness and responsiveness, supporting seamless integrations with standard version control and messaging systems and an extensible REST API to integrate anything else you might need. Visit clubhouse.io/TENto learn more.Episode Gold Producer: &#39;r&#39;.Episode Silver Producers: Carsten Hansen, John Whitlow and Joseph Antonio.

28: Hotel New World

Chain of Events. Cause and Effect. We analyse what went right and what went wrong as we discover that many outcomes can be predicted, planned for and even prevented

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Causality

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